This paper aims to assess whether and how current Portuguese national spatial planning policy and regional spatial plans are based on evidence revealing trends and patterns of population decrease and rural and urban shrinkage in Portugal. Firstly, built on a literature review, we identify the...

As many countries are seeing the first signs of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, they are also shifting their policies from limiting the immediate economic impact of the pandemic on households and businesses to designing strategies that will revive long-term growth. Systemic challenges, such...

Costa Rica's transport infrastructure sector has long suffered from insufficient and ineffective investment and maintenance spending, resulting in a congested and poor-quality transport network. Public spending has been below the OECD average and private sector participation is limited. The road...

The policy brief argues that as donations are flowing into Ukraine to support its recovery, the country’s plan for infrastructure reconstruction needs to ensure that resources are spent efficiently by addressing priorities and focusing on affordability. The approach requires a masterplan that...