In the probabilistic risk aversion approach, risks are presumed as random variables with known probability distributions. However, in some practical cases, for example, due to the absence of historical data, the inherent uncertain characteristic of risks or different subject judgements from the...

We identify instances in which the auditor-client relationship has been terminated but the auditor continues to complete a subsequent quarterly review. We refer to these instances as “lame duck auditor” quarters, and we contrast financial reporting quality in these quarters with that in...

We examine the relation between industry specialist auditors and cost of debt financing using a national and city level industry specialist framework. Consistent with the assumption that higher audit quality is associated with lower information risk, which benefits clients in raising debt...

In this paper, we study a sample of companies that fail to remediate previously-disclosed material weaknesses (MWs) in their internal control systems and thus disclose the same MWs in two consecutive annual reports. Their failure to remediate is surprising given that regulators, credit rating...

One of the goals of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (hereafter SOX) was to restore confidence in financial reporting by providing incentive for firms to report financial results that reflect the underlying economic performance. Early findings are inconclusive on the success of the Act. Cohen, Dey and Lys...

This paper examines whether shareholder rights, which enable shareholders to replace managers, can constrain earnings management and whether this effect is conditional on the level of insider ownership. Using the comprehensive shareholder rights measure constructed by Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick...

In this paper, we propose a novel operational law for calculating the credibility distribution of monotone functions of independent regular fuzzy numbers to study the project scheduling problem with partially (or fully) fuzzy activity durations. In this regard, we formulate three corresponding...

Existing techniques to recover phosphorus as vivianite from urban sewage face difficulties in separating the crystals from the sludge. This study proposes a new process for the recovery of phosphorus as vivianite crystals through fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) from biofilm-enriched...