House of Representatives and Senate, we find that politicians with high carbon dependency, i.e., those whose campaigns … when politicians face greater electoral pressure. Exploiting narrowly defeated focal politicians as plausibly exogenous … carbon intensive firms benefit from their connected politicians casting anti-climate votes …

In most democracies, members of parliament are either elected over a party list or by a district. We use a … her party-line. A district-election does not affect roll call voting behavior causally, possibly due to overall high … adherence to party voting. Analyzing the parliamentary speeches of each MP allows us to overcome the high party discipline with …

two-stage elections, candidates are admitted to the second round of voting based on the outcome of the first round. I find … difference-in-discontinuities design, I then show that the gender gap in the probability of being elected has long …