Formulated at the turn of the millennium, the Responsibility to Protect doctrine (R2P) moved away from the notion of humanitarian intervention by outsiders to an emphasis on the responsibility of states and the international community as a whole to prevent and stop atrocity crimes. Although the...

Infrastructure networks -- in communication and transport -- are a key feature of an economy. The functionality of these networks depends on the connectivity and sizes of different components. However, these networks face a variety of threats ranging from natural disasters to intelligent attacks...

We investigate how nondemocratic regimes use the military and how this can lead to the emergence of military dictatorships. Nondemocratic regimes need the use of force in order to remain in power, but this creates a political moral hazard problem; a strong military may not simply work as an...

In a canonical model of military conflict, victory and defeat depend stochastically on the difference of resources deployed by the conflict parties. The present paper offers a comprehensive analysis of that model. The unique Nash equilibrium reflects either (i) peace, (ii) submission, (iii)...