There are two basic types of risk that investors try to balance when saving for retirement: longevity risk and market risk. Using an asset-liability framework, we demonstrate how creating a defined contribution plan that encourages participants to contribute early, contribute increasing amounts,...

China's segmented stock market provides an opportunity to study conditional international asset pricing from multiple viewpoints--domestic and foreign. We use the multivariate GARCH-M framework of De Santis and Gérard [De Santis, G., and Gérard, B., 1998. How big is the premium for currency...

Many methods exist for assessing and managing the risk of a portfolio. This article is about risk metrics and the ways investment consultants commonly apply these measurements to portfolio selection and evaluation. Two popular approaches to risk measurement and evaluation are compared: the...

It has become almost conventional wisdom that investors should avoid funds with high expense ratios. Like many nuggets of conventional wisdom, there is some truth, but many exceptions: some of the best funds come at the price of higher expense ratios. Financial planners need this type of...

This paper establishes an arbitrage pricing framework for evaluating how valuable fund managers really are. This simple framework allows for an investor to determine whether a manager is over or underpaid by looking at the relationship between the manager's up-capture and down-capture ratio. The...

Option pricing and allocation tools in portfolio construction should be prospective - based on assumptions about how prices will change in the future. Most capital market assumptions used in portfolio construction are based on retrospective analysis, boiling down to simple calculations of...

Two popular ways to measure a manager's performance relative to a benchmark are attribution analysis - based on portfolio holdings and style analysis - based on portfolio returns. An econometric method is proposed that helps reconcile their results and overcomes the limitations of attribution...

If there is a shift of market power from manufacturers to retailers or from retailers to manufacturers, how are consumers affected? When the value chain has successive firms that each have market power, the shifting balance of power up or down the chain (away from the consumer or towards the...