There are three basic approaches to mitigating this risk; namely, institutional instruments that limit the possibility … of government opportunism, financial instruments that decrease financial risk, and investment strategies, such as …

This paper analyzes the risk allocation in concession models for German highways, according to the "F-Model" and the "A … concession models. Next, theoretical backgrounds and rules of thumb for risk allocation in concessions for road infrastructure … are presented and applied to the F- and A-Model. Both models show significant weaknesses with regard to risk allocation …

procurement process --Risk allocation --The project agreement --Financing P3 projects --Pass-down of risk part I : common … principles --Pass-down of risk part II : construction --Pass-down of risk part III : operations, maintenance and rehabilitation …