WHAT IS the most immediate tool of empowerment you can provide a person? Ask an economist. Or ask a laborer who has been moved to the outskirts of the city as a part of the quot;big-progressive resettlement schemequot;. Or ask a student. The most likely answer you will get is:...

Juxtaposing qualitative as well as quantitative facts across the broader African continent, the authors explore critical issues compounding developmental woes of the continent at the present. Despite the facts being on the fringes as explanations to the sluggish development of Africa, the...

This paper reviews the main issues related to the short-term impact of structural reforms in different macroeconomic contexts and takes stock of existing theoretical and empirical studies. Taking reforms introduced in “normal” times as a benchmark, it reviews the available evidence on the...

The formation of the European Union (EU) is the one of the biggest political – economic events of the last 50 years. The aim of this study is to develop EU economy functioning system dynamic model. Main research method is system dynamics. General scheme of EU economy system dynamic model is...

Most advanced economies have experienced a striking decline in the volatility of aggregate economic activity since the early 1980s. Volatility reductions are evident for output and employment at the aggregate level and across most industrial sectors and expenditure categories. Inflation and...

Even if Keynes makes an error with its investment multiplier, he has à good intuition investment is the key lever. The main mistake in order to manage economy is due to Friedman who stars with the right result to obtain : maximize Wealth, but he confuses wealth created with a permanent income...

On 9 July 1849, Victor Hugo pronounced his speech "destroying misery" at the French Legislative Assembly. Whether in France or in the rest of the world, no one has succeeded, except China from 1980 to 2019, before the Covid crisis.In one side, in order to share a common direction with all...

Gdp even net of obsolescence (ndp) has to be considered only as an expense (investment is an expense; consumption, export minus import, and change of stock, all these indicators are today expenses). As entrepreneur you will never manage your investments by looking only the expenses, it is clear...

The two Cambridge controversy have marked a milestone in economic thinking. By their demonstration neo-Ricardian and post-Keynesian seemed to have proven the impossibility of defining the notion of Capital and, moreover, of being able to aggregate heterogeneous Capital. It is not so.By reasoning...