models focus on managers' discretion in deciding whether or not to provide truthful voluntary disclosure to the capital … market. Earnings management models, on the other hand, concentrate on managers' discretion in deciding how to bias their … mandatory disclosure. By analyzing managers' disclosure strategy when disclosure is voluntary and not necessarily truthful, we …

by an interaction between managers' smoothing incentives and smoothing provided by the accounting standard. Finally, we …

Using a unique database of monthly advertising spending in media outlets, we examine whether managers engage in real … advertising activities, allowing us to explore novel issues such as the possibility that managers could either reduce or boost … spending; and (4) examining quarterly as opposed to annual earnings benchmarks. Overall, we find that managers reduce their …

I examine whether managers use discretion in revenue recognition to avoid three earnings benchmarks. I find that … managers use discretion in both accrued revenue (i.e., accounts receivable) and deferred revenue (i.e., advances from customers … decreases. For a common sample of firms with both deferred revenue and accounts receivable, I find evidence that managers do not …

-suite managers. For a sample of S&P 500 firms we find that CEOs and CFOs with accounting and financial expertise appear to manage …-suite managers with accounting/financial expertise via accruals as well as real activities, such as overproducing goods, cutting back …

This paper investigates whether managers' presentation of special items within the financial statements reflects … presentation, as well as prior research investigating managers' presentation choices in other contexts. Empirical results reveal … managers using the income statement versus footnote presentation to assist users in identifying those special items most likely …