Using a sample of modern international cartels, we analyze the level and determinants of cartel sanctions imposed on … gains from collusive conduct outweigh its costs represented by cartel sanctions. While the average (median) overcharge … characterizing the analyzed sample is 27.8% (27.0%) of affected sales, the average (median) cartel fine is 10.2% (2.1%) of the volume …

Using the overcharge estimates for 406 cartel episodes, I evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics and market … to decline as antitrust enforcement regimes had become stricter. As predicted by cartel theory, market structure is an … overcharges. If a leading firm has a high market share, the overcharges tend to decrease. As the number of cartel participants …

This paper sets out the basic economics of cartel formation and stability, the methods of estimating overcharges and … quot;but forquot; prices, and concludes with a brief discussion of multiple damages. It draws on some evidence of cartel …

analysis of 30 fully reported cartel decisions, and appeals against many of these, the paper looks at how fines are calculated …

Based on an analysis of cartel prosecutions since 2007, this article assesses the way the European Commission has built …

Using the overcharge estimates for 333 cartel episodes, we evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics and changes in … selling price. International cartels imposed higher overcharges than domestic cartels. Longer cartel episodes generated higher …

cartel syndicates that had previously coordinated prices. Using this policy change as a natural experiment, this paper uses a … government bonds, finding that cartel prices were lower than auction prices by 1.5 percent or more. These results imply that the …

In this paper we set out the welfare economics based case for imposing cartel penalties on the cartel overcharge rather … of a penalty based on the cartel overcharge with three other penalty regimes: fixed penalties; penalties based on revenue … conjunction with the above result, our analysis of cartel stability (and thus deterrence), shows that penalties based on the …

In this paper we set out the welfare economics based case for imposing cartel penalties on the cartel overcharge rather … of a penalty based on the cartel overcharge with three other penalty regimes: fixed penalties; penalties based on revenue … conjunction with the above result, our analysis of cartel stability (and thus deterrence), shows that penalties based on the …