This paper explores the determinants of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets under SFAS No. 109. We find that, consistent with SFAS No. 109, the allowance is larger for firms with relatively more deferred tax assets and smaller for firms with higher levels of expected future taxable...

The study has three main objectives. First, it examines the differences in the banks' managers' behavior with respect to loan loss provisions of different types of banks. Second, it examines whether the level of capitalization, i.e. well/adequately capitalized and undercapitalized banks, will...

FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FASB 2006), requires firms to disclose tax reserves and to record changes in tax reserves at adoption of FIN 48 as cumulative effect adjustments in stockholders' equity. We predict that between the enactment and adoption of FIN 48, relative to...

Using a large sample of domestic and foreign IPOs in the US, we investigate how threats of enforcement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and private litigation influence earnings management in IPO prospectuses. We propose that perceptions of foreign institutions may influence SEC...

Business Information Reporting and Disclosure Measures taken by business house is most essential as it speaks about the Accountability and Responsibility towards its Stakeholders. Today is the scenario having greater development in the reporting and disclosures aspects of the business. Due to...

Prior research documents that conditional conservatism, measured as the asymmetric timeliness of earnings reflecting bad versus good news, varies with cross-country differences in institutional regimes. In this paper, we examine the determinants of conditional conservatism and related earnings...

I develop approaches that quantify the use of discretion for the three main assumptions used for the financial reporting of defined benefit pension obligations: the expected return, the discount rate, and the compensation rate. I then apply these approaches to two regulatory events that affected...

This is Professor Cunningham's Introduction to his renowned edited collection of Warren Buffett's famous letters to shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. The collection was originally prepared for a symposium held in New York City in 1997 and has been regularly updated through five editions,...

This paper investigates the role of management earnings guidance to inform analysts about the effect of conservatism on earnings. Empirical evidence suggests that analysts fail to correctly estimate the downward-bias effect of conservatism, leading to optimistic earnings expectations. I...

Gender inequality is one of the oldest problems in society. From the ancient period itself, women were neglected in the society because their role was only confined to the four walls of the house (which means women are only for taking care of the family); but now, it is the globalized era in...