Risk premia are related to price probability ratios or for continuous time pure jump processes the ratios of jump arrival rates under the pricing and physical measures. The variance gamma model is employed to synthesize densities with risk premia seen as the ratio of the three parameters. The...

In some papers we remarked that derivation of the Black Scholes Equation (BSE) contains mathematical ambiguities. In particular, there are two problems which can be raised by accepting Black Scholes (BS) pricing concept. One is technical derivation of the BSE and the other the pricing definition...

Informed traders may prefer the options market to the stock market for reasons including the leverage effect, transaction costs, restrictions on short sale. Many studies try to predict future returns of stocks using informed traders' behavior in the options market. In this study, we examine...

An option market maker incurs funding costs when carrying and hedging inventory. To hedge a net long delta inventory, for example, she pays a fee to borrow stock from the security lending market. Because of haircuts, she posts additional cash margin to the lender which needs to be financed at...

We prove here a general closed-form expansion formula for forward-start options and the forward implied volatility smile in a large class of models, including the Heston stochastic volatility and time-changed exponential Levy models.This expansion applies to both small and large maturities and...

The study proposes an arbitrage-free methodology of VIX term structure modeling that is tailored to handle the most actively traded VIX options. Under the model, the evolution of future VIX is completely determined by the volatility function of forward VIX squared normalized by VIX futures...

Index option pricing on world market indices are investigated using Lévy processes with no positive jumps. Economically this is motivated by the possible absence of longer horizon short positions while mathematically we are able to evaluate for such processes the probability of a Rally Before a...

Investment behaviour, techniques and choices have evolved in the options markets since the launch of options trading in 1973. Today, we are entering the field of Big Data and the explosion of information, which has become the main feature of science, impacts investors' decisions and their...

This paper investigates the pricing of single-asset autocallable barrier reverse convertibles in the Heston local-stochastic volatility (LSV) model. Despite their complexity, autocallable structured notes are the most traded equity-linked exotic derivatives. The autocallable payoff embeds an...

The market for ultra short-term (zero days-to-expiry or 0DTE) options has grown exponentially over the last few years. In 2023, daily volume in 0DTEs reached over 45% of overall daily options volume. After briefly describing this exploding new market, we present a novel pricing formula designed...