This article examines the determinants of traffic volumes and the revenues per tonne generated by Spain's port … authorities. The interest of the study lies on the strong differences between port authorities in a context of strict regulation … variables. We find that port charges influence the amount of traffic that a port is able to generate. Furthermore, we find clear …

positive impact on the supply chain is enabling processes to be optimized through smarter production. In the case of Spain, the … Transport, Mobility and the Urban Agenda, with overall responsibility for the entire state-owned port system.) has launched … Ports 4.0, the largest open innovation fund for the logistics-port ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to know the point of …