Online grocers typically let customers choose a delivery time slot to receive their goods. To ensure a reliable service, the retailer may want to close time slots as capacity fills up. The number of customers that can be served per slot largely depends on the specific order sizes and delivery...

In many delivery and service settings, the customer must be home when the provider arrives. If the customer is not at home, the delivery or service fails and the provider may have to return at a later point, needlessly creating additional vehicle miles and emission. To prevent such missed...

More and more retailers allow customers to order goods online and then pick them up in a store. In this setting, these orders are typically served from a dedicated warehouse. This often means that the stores are visited by different vehicles to replenish the store inventory and to supply the...