Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate safe-haven properties of environmental, social and governance (ESG) stocks in global and emerging ESG stock markets during the times of COVID-19 so that portfolio managers and equity market investors could decide to use ESG stocks in their...

This study contributes to the debate on safe-haven characteristics of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) stocks during COVID-19 pandemic. Using wavelet coherence framework on four major ESG stock indices from global and emerging stock markets, and two proxies of COVID-19 fear over the...

Using panel smooth transition regression framework on a new proxy of business cycle (BC) index and quarterly data of US bank holding companies from 1993Q1 to 2020Q1, our results provide the empirical support to the theory that BC has non-linear effect on liquidity creation. We find a positive...