This paper exploits the exogeneity of weather conditions to evaluate renewable energy (RE) subsidy programs in Germany and Spain in terms of their costs for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. We find that both the aggregate costs and the distribution of costs between energy producers and...

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program, which mandates the commercialization of bio-fuels through 2022, is the U.S.’s most significant renewable energy policy. It was first established in 2005 in order to create a viable market for bio-fuels based on the policy goals of enhancing U.S....

This study offers the first consistent attempt to identify how energy sector decarbonization policies have affected the energy mix over the past four decades across more than 100 developing countries. It applies systematic regression analysis to five energy sector decarbonization outcomes and...

This paper examines the economic and GHG implications of stacking a low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) with and without a carbon price policy on the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). We compare the performance of various policy combinations for food and fuel prices, fuel mix and fuel consumption. We...

FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biofuel Supply Chain -- 3 Projected Supply of Cellulosic Biomass -- 4 The Economics and Economic Effects of Biofuel Production -- 5 Environmental Effects and Tradeoffs of...

Over the past decade, state governments have emerged as U.S. energy policy leaders. Across the country, states are adopting policy instruments aimed at carbon mitigation and renewable energy deployment. One of the most prevalent and innovative policy instruments is a renewable portfolio standard...

Increased reliance on renewable energy technologies remains the best approach to mitigate the environmental and social problems associated with the unsustainable use of finite fossil fuels for our energy needs. The Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS” or “Standard”) exists as a pioneering...

Facing the issues of global climate change, the European Union introduced the mandatory global carbon emissions trading mechanism under the Kyoto protocol model. In the Copenhagen Conference, China has promised that CO2 emissions per GDP in 2020 would decrease by 40% to 45% than that in 2005. In...