The economic advancement of emerging markets such as China, Brazil, and India has been regarded as one of the benefits of a globalized world. This paper revisits and evaluates the Uppsala model to teases out the process, speed, determinants, and challenges of early internationalization...

How do firms in high-income countries adjust to emerging market competition? We estimate how a representative panel of Canadian firms adjusts innovation activities, business strategies, and exit in response to large increases in Chinese imports. Whether firms invest in process or product...

For the first time in its history, Latin America can benefit from not one but three major engines of world growth. Until the 1980s, the United States was the region's major trade partner. In the 1990s, a second growth engine emerged with the European investment boom in Latin America. Now, at the...