inequality. We exploit a new and unique parish-level database of land inequality in Denmark, from 1682 to 1895, during which … realize greater productivity gains. Malthusian mechanisms and internal migration then led to greater population increases in …

We explore the role of elites for development and in particular for the spread of cooperative creameries in Denmark in … relationship by utilizing the nature of the spread of the Holstein System around Denmark, and the distance to the first estate to …

We consider the successful early emergence of cooperative creameries in Denmark in the late nineteenth century within …

We study the effect of changes in land tenure, launched by the 1906 Stolypin reform, on agricultural productivity in … allotments. Our estimations suggest that the net effect of the reform on land productivity was positive, mainly due to land … component of the reform decreased land productivity in the short-run, arguably because of transaction costs …

banking or the failure of the Bank of Ireland to act as a lender of last resort were to blame. We also find that the main …

Very little is known about wealth-holding and its distribution in Ireland in the past. Here we employ death duty … register data to analyse and identify a sample of the top wealth holders in Ireland between the early 1820s and late 1830s. We …