"The gender wage gap in Germany is smaller in firms covered by collective contracts or having a works council, partly …

year being paid to personal services and their subdivisions of health and social services, education and training … health and social services. With the rise in demand for skilled workers, there were more problems in filling vacancies for …

of equality between women and men or the integration of women in management positions. In 2008 the data from the IAB … Establishment Panel (Fischer et al. 2009) shed light on the employment patterns of men and women from an establishment's perspective … than average numbers of women and which establishments men? And how have things developed over recent years? In how far …

), without significantly negatively affecting subjective health indicators. The regulation that demands employers to guarantee … comparable employment to a parent even after 3 years of absence reduces employer-arranged training for young women." (Author …

that upward wage mobility is higher for younger and better qualified low-wage earners, whereas women are substantially less …