This Essay Article explores the respective roles of judges and juries in fair use determinations, a previously ignored … should rest with judges, not juries, to produce the kind of “legal clarity” that thoughtful and thorough appellate review can …

judgments regarding a third party. We investigate whether consequential decisions made by judges are impacted by the gender … composition of these judges' peer group. We utilize the universe of decisions on juvenile defendants in each courthouse in … Louisiana between 1998 and 2012. Leveraging random assignment of cases to judges, and variations in judge peer composition …