Arctic vector of economic development is now a strategic imperative for the Russian Federation. Apparently, severe climatic conditions, low population density, lack of infrastructure leave all Arctic projects outside the market and allow only nodular economic development of the Russian Arctic...

This article systematically compares 26 different scenarios of climate-friendly energy systems, aiming at a reduction of CO emissions of at least 90% for Germany in 2050. Technical strategies in terms of technology or energy carrier mixes in the end-use sectors industry, buildings, and transport...