The last two decades have witnessed that countries across the world are guided by the rules and regulations of multilateral trading institutions (for example, World Trade organization [WTO], International Monetary Fund [IMF]) in order to promote free and fair trade through gradual reduction in...

Drawing on the experience and academic research of the 1990s, this chapter identifies five lessons: • Openness to trade has been a central element of successful growth strategies. In all countries that have sustained growth the share of trade in gross domestic product (GDP) has increased, and...

Due to the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) deadlocked multilateral trade negotiations, many countries have started to establish Free Trade Agreements (FTA). In this context, twelve countries including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the...

The central notion of the natural trading partner hypothesis is that a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) will be welfare enhancing for members if there is a strong level of bilateral trade complementarity among their trade structures. This paper presents an empirical examination of this issue with...

The paper examines the tax-tariff reform, recommended for Ukraine by donor organization (IMF and the World Bank), which consists in trade liberalization by way of trade tax cuts with simultaneous compensation of state tax revenue losses by VAT base broadening. We developed the mathematical model...

We consider a small open economy that faces a commitment problem in trade liberalization. We examine how the relationship with a large trading partner affects the ability of the small countrys government to sustain free trade through a reputational mechanism. If the small country's government is...

Sovyetler Birligi’nin cözülmesinden sonra Orta Asya cografyasinda yeni olusan devletlerin ekonomik yetersizliklerinden dolayi, o bölgedeki ilk bütünlesme cabalarinin zayif kaldigi görülmüstür. Özellikle iki büyük güc olan Rusya ve Cin, ikili iliskilerini düzeltme girisimlerini...

The risk of default that business firms face is very significant and differs widely across countries. This paper explores the links between countries' business conditions and international trade embedment and the default risk at the country level from a theoretical point of view. Our main...

The trade policy is one of the main pillars of the EU's relations with the rest of the world. More importantly, the implementation of a common commercial policy was part of the original plan of intergovernmental economic integration which is the origin of the European Union. The common...

The paper examines the economic implications of Belarus' participation in the newly created EURASEC Customs Union. The results of the calculations show that after the introduction of a common external tariff (CET) the level of tariff protection in Belarus has not increased noticeably. The...