This study proposes a mathematical optimization model for a two-echelon location-routing problem in the last-mile delivery e-commerce environment. The e-commerce firm delivers each customer's demand at home or through delivery points. Customers could be unavailable when the vehicle arrives at...

Surges in e-commerce sales represent a huge challenge for urban freight transport. Parcel lockers constitute a valid solution for addressing the challenges home deliveries imply. In fact, eliminating courier-consumer contact (also relevant for health-related issues, as made evident by the...