The article makes reference to the concept of taxation and of fiscal pressure, to its ways of manifestation on account of the level of organization where it is found, of the sphere of tax deductions, of the effective or predicted character. A comparative study on fiscal pressure has been...

Expenditure in Iceland, especially related to the government wage bill, has tended to move in a procyclical manner, related to the fragmentation of political decision making. Iceland's elevated macroeconomic volatility reinforces these tendencies, as large booms unleash greater fiscal pressures...

This paper reviews some broad principles of fiscal coverage, building on cross-country experience. It discusses the level of coverage that would be appropriate to conduct good quality fiscal analysis, while striking the right balance between the costs and the benefits of expanding the coverage....

This study investigates fiscal convergence in the European Union. Increasing economic integration and fiscal harmonisation policy justify the analysis of the convergence of the fiscal variables. In this note the tax mix, the total fiscal pressure and its three main components –taxes on income...

The staff report for the combined consultation and 2005 Article IV Consultation on Gabon highlights economic developments and policies. Preparing Gabon for the post-oil era requires strengthening the efficiency of the public sector and providing a framework for private sector development to...

The paper discusses the Joint Staff Assessment (JSA) of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) Progress Report for Honduras. The first PRSP Progress Report of the Government of Honduras presents a complete review of the government’s implementation of the PRSP to date and updates the...

The text is analyzing the requirements of the institutional reconstruction for the running of the macroeconomic system. A number of concepts concerning the macroeconomic structure, the social validation, structural economy, output and input within the macroeconomic process, the effect of the...

China’s transformation into a dynamic private-sector-led economy and its integration into the world economy have been among the most dramatic global economic developments of recent decades. This paper provides an overview of some of the key aspects of recent developments in China’s...

Oil-producing countries face challenges arising from the fact that oil revenue is exhaustible, volatile, and uncertain, and largely originates from abroad. Reflecting these challenges, the paper proposes some important general principles for the formulation and assessment of fiscal policy in...

Countries have adopted various institutional responses to subnational government borrowing. Using a sample of 44 countries 1982-2000, this paper provides a panel data analysis to determine the most effective borrowing constraints for containing local fiscal deficits. The results suggest that no...