fallout often associated with environmental policies is a decline in economic competitiveness. Therefore, it is vital to … understand whether there is a trade-off, implying that climate mitigation policies necessarily lead to competitiveness losses, or … if a suitable policy design can achieve climate change mitigation without risking significant losses in competitiveness …

This paper reviews ex-post empirical assessments on the impact of carbon pricing on competitiveness in OECD and G20 … carbon pricing or energy prices on different dimensions of competitiveness, including net imports, foreign direct investments …-term effects of carbon pricing on firms’ or sectors’ international competitiveness have not come to pass, at least to date. These …