decentralization reform, politicians with different skills are elected in municipalities characterized by different levels of … difference in the tax base, following the decentralization reforms of the '90s. Results strongly support our predictions and are …

-transfers, which distorts the central-local distribution of resources. Applying the model to fiscal decentralization, we find when … decentralization widens local governments' fiscal gap, borrowings by both local and central governments rise. Quantitatively, fiscal … decentralization accounts for from 19 percent to 40 percent of changes in general government debt in Spain during 1988-2006. A …

equity aspects fiscal decentralization, fiscal competition, fiscal externalities, and intergovernmental grants. The survey …