countries for the period 1981–2013. Taking advantage of the recently developed dynamic panel data estimation techniques, the … paper tests for both panel unit roots and cointegration before employing the panel vector error-correction model (VECM …

) in developing countries. The study uses panel data from 138 developing countries during the period 1980-2018. The … regions. We have carried out panel unit-root tests and panel cointegration tests before estimating the specified models using … both Panel Least Squares (Panel LS) and Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) methods. In addition, panel Granger …

, upper middle income group, and high income group. We employ the GMM-SYS approach for the estimation of the panel VAR model …This paper uses the panel data of energy consumption and GDP for 82 countries from 1972 to 2002. Based on the income …