For much of the industrialized world, pollution from manufacturing has been falling despite increased output. In this paper, we provide the first estimates of the extent to which environmental regulations have contributed to this “clean-up” of manufacturing by causing: (i) the adoption of...

We review recent research linking international trade to the environment, with a focus on new results and methods. The review is given structure by a novel decomposition linking changes in emissions to changes in productive activity at the plant, firm, industry, and national levels. While some...

Columbus’s arrival in the New World triggered an unprecedented movement of people and crops across the Atlantic Ocean. We study an overlooked part of this Columbian Exchange: the effects of New World crops in Africa. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the introduction of maize increased...