Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method to enhance the spread of messages in social networks by “Spreading Groups.” These sub-structures of highly connected accounts intentionally echo messages between the members of the subgroup at the early stages of a spread. This...

Automotive assembly lines are often characterized by robots' failures that may result in stoppages of the lines and manual backup of tasks. The phenomena tend to impair throughput rate and products' quality. This paper presents a backup strategy in which working robots perform tasks of failed...