between small and medium-sized (SME) and large (LE) enterprises. Using data from the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) 2015 …

environmental R&D. Post-innovation benefits to raising rivals' costs provide firms with incentives to innovate. Although optimal … behavior cannot be elicited with pollution taxes alone, an optimum can be achieved by combining emission taxes with …

The literature on environmental R&D frequently studies innovation as a two-stage process, with a single R&D event … leading from a conventional polluting technology to a perfectly clean backstop. We allow for uncertainty in innovation in that … the new technology may turn out to generate a new pollution problem. R&D may therefore be optimally undertaken more than …

can be controlled by reducing the pollution intensity of a given quantity through costly research (green innovation) and …We study economic growth and pollution control in a model with endogenous rate and direction of technical change …. Economic growth (growth of real GDP) results from growth in the quantity and productivity of polluting intermediates. Pollution …

Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once pollution problems become too severe, regulation is introduced … and decline of pollution can be explained by policyinduced technology shifts. …