This paper analyzes the inner workings of cartels. To understand how sanctioning institutions prevent cartel formation … suggests that sanctions are effective in hindering cartel formation not only because they introduce a risk of being fined but …

This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free … cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly … sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach …

This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free … cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly … sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach …

on average significantly lower in cartel years than in non-cartel years. …

common beliefs and the existing literature, that conspirators often apply for leniency long after a cartel collapses. We …

quantity effects of antidumping in cartel products. We find that the use of antidumping in cartel industries helps to maintain …Antidumping creates opportunities for abuse to stifle market competition. Whether cartels actually abuse trade policy … that matches cartel investigations with trade data at the product level. We then estimate the world import price and …