This paper contributes to the literature on overeducation by empirically investigating its effects on wages among Ph … individual wages. It leads to a wage penalty of about between 23% and 25%, more than twice bigger than average, a sizeable gap …

wages, the relationship between wages and health is less clear-cut. What makes it most difficult to disentangle these … effects is that education, experience, health and wages are interrelated. To deal with these issues, we implement an Efficient … experience and health have positive impacts on wages. …

There is a vast empirical literature of the effects of training on wages that are taken as an indirect measure of … Force Survey. This is combined with complementary industry-level data sources on value added, wages, labour and capital. We … productivity) is low. Secondly, our estimates of the effects of training on wages are about half the size of the effects on …