This paper studies the effects of the USPTO's patent secrecy program in World War II, under which over 11,000 U ….S. patent applications were issued secrecy orders which halted examination and prohibited inventors from disclosing their … compulsory invention secrecy reduced follow-on invention and restricted commercialization, but as part of the security policies …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

Ascertaining whether patents encourage invention necessitates understanding the incentives inventors respond to. The … British patent system prior to its reform in 1852 was cumbersome and expensive. Whether it facilitated or delayed the … Industrial Revolution is hotly debated. This paper's contribution is to examine the incentives to patent, and the characteristics …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

discontinuously forced many firms to adopt or strengthen the financial incentives based on the commercial success of an invention. Our … citation-weighted patent counts at the inventor level and significantly decreased the number of science-based patents. These … results show that financial incentives based on the commercialization performance of an invention can be counter …

patent, with a special weight on academic or scientific literature, foreign patents, and a tight circle of research fields …

The inventive step is the critical variable in determining balance between patent costs and patent benefits. Set at the … asking the question "is it obvious?" sets a far lower standard for patent grant than asking "is it inventive?". The author …

the Australian parliament in 2011. To "raise" the height of the inventiveness requirement for the second-tier patent …

, conventional one-to-one licensing and compulsory licensing, as well as patent pools and clearing-house mechanisms. The last two …