What happens within the university-based research enterprise when a federal funding agency abruptly changes research grant funding levels, up or down? We use simple difference equation models to show that an apparently modest increase or decrease in funding levels can have dramatic effects on...

A simulation model is developed to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in universities. The model can be used to conduct what-if analysis and to estimate infection cases and the probability of death for students and faculty/staff under different policies. For proof-of-concept, the model is simulated...