The rise of e-commerce has been on the agenda of competition authorities ever since it started blending online and offline marketplaces and puzzling enforcers in terms of assessing the competitive interaction between online and offline sales. Indeed, technological developments have led firms to...

Antitrust analysis of online markets is a hot topic around the world. In a number of jurisdictions, online markets already have been subject to antitrust review in merger or conduct cases. In other jurisdictions, these issues are in a nascent stage of policy. A number of lessons can be learned...

Recent allegations from participants of the FIA Formula One World Championship (F1) suggest that the promoter of F1 (possibly together with the sports association) violates European competition law in two ways. First, it allegedly abuses its market power by deducting an inappropriate high share...

Despite the rationale and the legal basis of the Digital Markets Act (DMA), the European legal framework risks to become more fragmented in the post-DMA scenario because of overlaps with competition law. The paper provides an analytical overview of the hypotheses in which the dual application of...

Over the period 2015-2017, the five giant technologically leading firms, Google, Amazon, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft (GAFAM) acquired 175 companies, from small start-ups to billion dollar deals. By investigating this intense M&A, this paper ambitions a better understanding of the Big Five's...

Antitrust enforcement in technology industries can be challenging: historical market information may have limited relevance, market shares may be unstable, and new entrants can be highly disruptive. Both the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice have acknowledged the rigors of...

We analyze a search engine market from a law and economics perspective and incorporate the choice of quality improving innovations by a search engine platform in a two-sided model of internet search engine. In the proposed framework we, first, discuss the legal issues the search engine market...

This paper analyzes the conflicts that arise when trying to apply traditional antitrust principles in the context of digital markets. The size and influence of successful digital companies has fueled a populist antitrust movement that views itself as a return to seminal and successful antitrust...

The impressive growth of online shopping has had a significant impact on firms’ strategies and customer behavior, bringing to the fore new forms of trademark exploitation that may affect competition. A prominent role is played by keyword advertising services provided by internet search...