In this study, genetic programming, an optimization technique based on the principles of natural evolution, was used to generate trading and hedging rules in Standard & Poor’s 500 spot and futures markets. I adopted a realistic trading process that included reasonable transaction costs,...

We examine the impact of the May 2003 dividend tax cut and managerial stock holdings on corporate dividend initiation. We find that executives who hold sizable stakes in their companies become more likely to initiate dividends following this tax cut. The firms that initiate dividends after the...