Today's conversation about antitrust civil remedies generally, and the private action specifically, focuses most often on optimal deterrence and effectiveness. Lost in conversation is the basic idea that antitrust violations cause economic harm and that those victimized by that harm should be...

The antitrust treatment of trade secrets has remained largely hidden, with trade secrets today being viewed as simply the equivalent of other forms of intellectual property. Closer examination reveals, however, that although the antitrust treatment of trade secrets fits generally into the debate...

On September 17, 2007, the European Court of First Instance decided Microsoft's appeal of the European Commission's 2004 decision finding that Microsoft had violated Article 82 of the EC Treaty by failing to provide certain interoperability information to Sun Microsystems and by refusing to...

Intellectual property law is out of control. For more than a decade intellectual property rights holders have successfully expanded their rights, in the courts and in Congress. Commentators and policy makers have recently expressed concern over this expansion, and the Supreme Court has begun to...

This paper, which will be published as a chapter in Foundation Press's forthcoming volume of antitrust stories, reviews United States v. Topco Associates, the Supreme Court's 1972 decision holding that horizontal territorial divisions are per se unlawful under Section 1 of the Sherman Act. Most...

The success, failure, and durable meaning of major antitrust cases often turn on how they are framed before the courts and the public. In the Microsoft monopolization litigation, the government plaintiffs framed the case as one in which Microsoft sought to extinguish the threat to its Windows...

What should the U.S. do about Big Tech? This essay proposes antitrust rule-making by the Federal Trade Commission. Case-by-case litigation is too slow and too piecemeal, and the Sherman Act jurisprudence is too conservative. Break-ups are unlikely to be ordered; even divestitures of...

Antitrust laws in the United States, and competition rules in Europe, are usually set out in statutes of general applicability, written in broad, almost constitutional form. This is a “one size fits all” statutory style. There is another possible style of antitrust, which we call “bespoke...