The momentum for the reforms to resolve the challenges of the investor-state dispute settlement system today is essential. The investor-state dispute settlement system clauses in International Investment Agreement show the importance of the above mechanism. However, with the increase in...

In recent years, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the multilateral trading system, has faced many difficulties and challenges due to the great vows of anti-globalisation and trade protectionism. The appellate body, as a significant portion of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSU) of the WTO,...

In January 2019, 76 WTO members representing 90% of world trade economy launched the "ECommerce plurilateral negotiations" aimed at developing international rules in the ECommerce/digital trade field to adapt to the globalization and digital development of the economy. The negotiations covered...

An attempt is made by this study in order to determine whether AML is for protectionism or a leap forward. For this reason, the first part of this article sheds light on AMLs background along with aims and objectives of it while providing a precise glimpse into proposed merger under the AML. For...

The study aims to highlight competition law in various aspects and gives a detailed account of its origin over time by underscoring legislation's salient characteristics. The research attempts to feature its structure, power, and policies while identifying the challenges faced by the...

At present, the World Trade Organisation's multilateral trading system faces the acute challenge of adapting to the digital and commercial economies' rapid evolution. The recent regional trade agreements embody the corresponding achievements of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for...

The present study aims to make comparative analysis of competition law in Pakistan and China by analyzing the leniency programs that whether or not they are in accordance with market structure or not, and investigating the mechanism to evidences while applying leniency policies and its value in...

Developing nations use contemporary competition laws based on international models for reasons ranging from achieving international legitimacy to achieving domestic economic objectives. Although passing such laws gives these nations' competition regimes more legitimacy, doing so does not...

Berserk resentment of the existing framework regulating the international investment protection system and the operating of investment tribunals have direct to a prevalent perception that there is an immediate need for reform. This is especially pronounced having to do with Investor-State...

The importance of Foreign Direct Investment in our international economic system cannot be overstated. Nevertheless, due to a perceived absence of arbitrator autonomy and a growing quantity of conflicting and contradictory investment resolutions, the current investment arbitral system's...