This Article argues that tipping points played a decisive role in the formation of the European Union ("EU'). A tipping point occurs when a seemingly small event triggers a large and unexpected shift in a system. In the early period of the European project, two rival trade blocs-the European...

While still fragmented, the world is witnessing the emergence of a global commercial legal order independent of any one national legal system. This process is unfolding both on the macrolevel of state actors as well as on the microlevel of private individuals and organizations. On the...

There is a fierce ideological struggle between two warring camps: those who rally against expansive government and those who support it. Clearly, the correct balance must be struck between the extremes of legislative over-invasiveness and the frightening total absence of legal structure. This...

This essay proposes a way to prevent the Paris Agreement on climate change reached in December 2015 from collapsing. The agreement was historic. Nearly every nation in the world - from North Korea to the United States - pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The agreement, however,...

This article argues that policymakers can strengthen international institutions by using network effects to ‘lock’ States into organizations. The article proposes five strategies policymakers may employ to achieve this effect. While the extent to which these strategies can prevent...