A closed-end fund, known as an investment trust in the UK and closed-end fund in the US, is a collective investment company that invests in shares of other companies. This study attempts to describe and explain the persistence of the excess discount return on UK investment trusts and US...

Matrix algebra was covered in the linear regression, multiple regression section and simultaneous equations models. I have used simple examples to facilitate your learning experience. Econometrics is basically related to economic measurement. It is the application of statistics and mathematics...

In this article, we test performance persistence and measure the historical, the implied volatility, the credit spread volatility and the value at risk,VaR, of the credit derivatives swaptions contracts. We examine contracts of US leveraged loans, mortgage backed securities, high grade corporate...

In this article, we examine performance persistence and the implied volatility smile of the commodity options contracts. We examine contracts of wheat, corn, live cattle, soybean oil, and lean hog. Hedge funds use options and futures in terms of commodities to hedge market risk. We compare the...

In this article, we test performance persistence and volatility fluctuations of the prices of the treasury note futures contracts based on the US term structure of interest rates. The sample investigated is over the period 2010 to 2020. We test 50 Treasury note futures commodity trading...

Financial accounting is externally focused. It is concerned with the production of annual reports such as balance sheet, income statements and cash flow statements as legal requirement and is used by external parties such as creditors, analysts, government bodies and the public. In contrast,...

Matrix algebra was covered in the linear regression, multiple regression section and simultaneous equations models. I use simple EViews 6 and matrix algebra examples to facilitate your learning experience and increase your enjoyment. Econometrics is basically related to economic measurement. It...

The interaction of arbitrageur's and noise trading from a Behavioural orthodox approach is a new area of research. Noise traders are misled and they are making decisions not on data and forecasts, but based on their personal opinion. Their wrong estimate creates discount persistence throughout...

Mathematical explanation of noise trading from a behavioural Orthodox approach is a complete new subject of research. My model tries to calibrate noise in terms of systematic errors and biases formed by noise traders, as they ignore the religious factors that affect their thoughts and therefore...