Asymmetric information between the issuer to potential investors believed by some academics in finance as one of the main causes of the phenomenon of underpricing at the time of the initial public offering (IPO). On science and technology-based company main problem lies in how to conduct...

We explore the central role that top venture capitalists play in the IPO underwriting market. We argue that underwriters curry favor with Top VCs, not necessarily issuing firms, because Top VCs have the ability to direct the most business in a repeated game sense to banks that treat them well....

The literature on corporate financing is quite extensive. However, researchers have so far not shed light on the IPO determining factors in Europe as a whole. This paper addresses three main questions observing more than 9000 IPOs performed during a period from 1991 to 2014. First, the...

On May 18, 2012 Facebook held its initial public offering (IPO), raising over $16 billion making it one of the largest IPOs in history. To the surprise of many investors, there was no underpricing ― the stock closed the first day of trading flat from its offer price. The Facebook IPO was...

We find that the degree of expected idiosyncratic skewness in seasoned equity issuers' stock returns is an important determinant of flotation costs and post-issue abnormal stock performance. High skewness issuers incur significantly greater offer price discounts, particularly when institutional...

This paper examines the size-return relationship in the primary stock market. For 529 Japanese IPOs between 2010 and 2018, we empirically argue that the channel which connects offer size and underpricing is information-based and bidirectional. We find an endogenous effect of both offer and firm...

Greater partisan alignment among lawmakers enhances their ability to respond rapidly to adverse shocks, but it also undermines the quality of checks and balances and encourages excessive governmental intervention in local areas aligned with the ruling party. We investigate how this form of local...

SEBI, the Indian securities market regulator had set a unique example for the entire world when they introduced mandatory IPO grading in India with effect from May 2007. Though the purpose of this grading was to provide retail investors with a ready-made assessment of the fundamental quality of...

We use a sample of 3,677 European IPOs during the period 1998-2012 to examine how the adoptions of corporate governance codes by Member States of the European Union (EU) have affected IPO underpricing on Member State-regulated markets, where issuers are subject to corporate governance rules...

Growth capital investing is the financing of growing businesses that are investing in tangible assets and the acquisition of other companies. Growth capital is common in retailing, restaurant chains, and health care management, and represents 12% of all venture capital (VC)-backed initial public...