The government has an important role to play in financing each stage of development of startups. Most of the financing for startups is provided by non-reimbursable public grants and lending, the latter supported by government guarantees. The role of venture capital is much smaller. However, the...

This paper proposes a theory of gazelle growth in which gazelles can either grow organically or by acquisitions. In the model, there are three types of firms: incumbent, target, and gazelle. We show that the lower cost of organic growth can increase the incentives for acquisition growth. The...

This paper empirically examines business starts, deaths, venture capital and patents in relation to U.S. public policy. The most consistent evidence in the data shows that lower levels of labor frictions and higher levels of SBIR awards are associated with more business starts and higher levels...

This paper empirically examines business starts, deaths, venture capital and patents in relation to U.S. public policy. The most consistent evidence in the data shows that lower levels of labor frictions and higher levels of SBIR awards are associated with more business starts and higher levels...

We examine whether Title II of the JOBS Act increases small firms' access to capital. Title II allows firms to sell securities via general solicitations to accredited investors. We find that firms that offer securities via general solicitation tend to be of lower quality. After accounting for...

This paper explores how a prominent place-based policy in China, the national high-tech zones, affects local innovation output and entrepreneurial activities. Relying on plausible exogenous variation in place-based policies caused by staggered establishments of national high-tech zones, we find...

The government has an important role to play in financing each stage of development of startups. Most of the financing for startups is provided by non-reimbursable public grants and lending, the latter supported by government guarantees. The role of venture capital is much smaller. However, the...

This paper proposes a theory of gazelle growth in which gazelles can either grow organically or by acquisitions. In the model, there are three types of firms: incumbent, target, and gazelle. We show that the lower cost of organic growth can increase the incentives for acquisition growth. The...

Access to capital is crucial for small and emerging businesses, enabling them to sustain growth, foster innovation, and create job opportunities. While venture capital is often sought, other funding options such as equity crowdfunding, Regulation A issuances, and Regulation D offerings present...

The JOBS Act amended Regulation A to increase the maximum offering size of exempt securities from $5 to $50 million per year, eventually rising to $75 million. This study analyzes SEC Regulation A filings from July 2015 to December 2022 and finds a significant increase in qualified filings from...