The geographic structure of the Magharib countries necessitates its political and economic partnership. However, there were many hindrances that curtailed further mutual benefits in the past decades. That minimized its economic cooperation in many ways. The emergence of the WTO adds to questions...

The current paper experiments with the conception and analytical model of principle components. The analysis utilizes data of Sudan to test the model fitness and data suitability. All the country's economic sectors are used in the analysis which also integrates high, medium and low income strata...

We posit that feeling constrained impedes happiness. Under this view, utility and happiness maximization yield the same optimal choices in a variety of standard economic decision problems, but utility and happiness can move in opposite directions in response to exogenous shocks. Our theory (i)...

The need for transition to indefinitely sustainable macro economic production functions and the attendant required evolution of modern portfolio theory are discussed. A new, 'next economy' methodology is proposed to practically apply modern realities to portfolios in meaningful ways. Existing...

In 2005 I wrote a letter to the Financial Times describing the unsustainable nature of the financial instruments (derivatives) then being sold as insurance to protect investors from losses in other assets, failure of institutions and other untoward events. The complexity of these instruments and...

Population aging is a global phenomenon but what sets Asia apart is the sheer scale and speed of its aging. Pension systems will have to play a bigger role but in most Asian countries pension systems are still underdeveloped, fragmented, and poorly financed. Asian countries need to embark on...

Water pollution is a chronic crisis in Sudan that is rarely researched. However, it is combined with scarcity, disputes and uncertainty. In the current paper we introduce its concepts with emphasis on the growing problems of pollution combined with scarcity. A Case study of the growing problem...

The innovation and development of enterprises are influenced by both internal management and external economic policy uncertainty. This study examines methods for enterprises to ensure the development of sustainable innovation under economic policy uncertainty. Specifically, this study examines...