The article analyzes to which extent residential proximity from an emergency hospital affects the probability of … endogenous health-based spatial sorting of involved agents and data limitations on out-of-hospital mortality. Using policy …-induced variation in hospital distance, arising from plausibly exogenous emergency hospital closures in the highly regulated Swedish …

urban-rural gap in public infrastructure. Leftwing governments relocate hospital beds from rural regions. We propose that … leftwing governments do so to gratify their more urban constituencies. In turn, spatial inequalities in hospital infrastructure …