This Article is to dive deeper into the on-going gender pay injustices in the United States, how pay inequality affects all women, and to raise awareness of how the government can end pay inequality for once and for all. Society tends to overlook this issue or mock this issue as a myth or a lie....

This paper explores the record of central bank swaps to draw out four themes. First, this recent device of central bank cooperation had a sustained pre-history from 1962-1998, surviving the transition from fixed to floating exchange rates. Second, Federal Reserve swap facilities have generally...

The literature has not being able to identify clear-cut real effects of exchange-rate regimes on output growth. Similarly, no definitive view emerges from the literature in regard to the effects of open capital markets on macroeconomic performance. The paper attributes the failure of the...

The analysis of external economic relations of Russia reveals a paradox: while Europe is the main trade and direct investment partner of Russia, this is far from being the case concerning its currency's role in Russia's financial activities. The dollar is much preferred by economic agents for...

We develop a theoretical framework that encompasses four distinct motives for dollarization and discuss appropriate policy responses to help contain dollarization and its attendant risks. quot;Moral hazardquot; dollarization provides a clear case for prudential policy activism. However,...

The present paper uses a sample of 66 US Dollar-trading Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS or sometimes-called Newcits) to find that the risk-adjusted performance of some strategies (i.e., Equity Long-biased, FOF, Fixed Income and Sector specific)...

Where do non-US banks obtain the funding for the large amount of US dollars they lend? Traditionally, their branches and subsidiaries in the United States were a major source of dollar funding, but the role of these affiliates has declined. Instead, dollars are increasingly raised in the home...

The market expectations of the fiscal and economic policies under the new administration of the U.S. have further driven up the dollar value apart from the signs of economic growth in the U.S. In my opinion, in the short term, a rising U.S. dollar would hurt volatile and vulnerable economies by...

Unlike the financial dollarization (FD) of external liabilities, the dollarization of domestic financial assets (domestic FD) has received comparatively less attention until very recently, when it has been increasingly seen as a key source of balance sheet exposure. This paper focuses on a...

Foreign exchange reserve accumulation has risen dramatically in recent years. The introduction of the euro, greater liquidity in other major currencies, and the rising current account deficits and external debt of the United States have increased the pressure on central banks to diversify away...