Financial intermediation can be performed by certain types of financial agents or financial brokers in selected European countries. Using primarily analysis and the comparison, the authors focus on certain legal aspects of distribution of financial services in selected Member States of the EU...

Fabo, Jančoková, Kempf, and Pástor (2021) show that papers written by central bank researchers find quantitative easing (QE) to be more effective than papers written by academics. Weale and Wieladek (2022) show that a subset of these results lose statistical significance when OLS regressions...

Policy makers have argued that markets are not pricing climate risk appropriately yet, which may lead to a misallocation of resources and financial instability. Climate riskadjusted refinancing operations (CAROs) conducted by the central bank are one possible instrument to address this issue....

In this ever-changing environment of technological innovations central banks are strongly committed to fulfilling their key objectives of preserving monetary and financial stability, but also make efforts to adapt to new market requirements. On the path of technological transformation of...