We document the importance of negatively reciprocal inclinations in labor relationships by showing that a retrenchment of pension rights, which is perceived as unfair, causes a larger reduction in job motivation the stronger workers' negatively reciprocal inclinations are. We exploit unique...

The Public Employees' Retirement System of Nevada provides retirement, survivors and disability benefits for Nevada state and local government employees. It is currently one of the better-funded public-sector pensions, due to sound management and consistent government contributions.However, the...

The report's key findings are:• Connecticut's pension systems for state employees and teachers face large unfunded liabilities, despite recent efforts by the State to fund.• A significant source of the problem is the "legacy debt" built up before the State began pre-funding its pensions in...

There is a general consensus that The Gambia's civil service has a number of key capacity weaknesses. Pay is too low to hire, motivate and retain key technical and professional staffs. Staffs are not managed to achieve results, neither rewarded for good performance nor sanctioned for poor...