In this paper, we examine the new Italian Guidelines on the method of setting fines for antitrust law infringements in the broader context of Italian antitrust public enforcement. The analysis of the new Guidelines is interesting for at least three reasons. Firstly, in drafting the new...

Minority share acquisitions between competitors have been mistakenly considered of concern only in case they result in a change of control.First the economic theory, closely followed by courts and doctrine, explained and demonstrated that even the acquisition of non-controlling shareholdings may...

This paper explores the Italian reform of corporate governance of 2003, which, for the first time, allowed corporations to choose among three different models of governance in part inspired by foreign legal systems. Italian corporations have three governance options. First, corporations may...

This article explores the Italian reform of corporate law of 2003, which, for the first time, allowed corporations to choose among three different models of corporate governance. In addition to the traditional model, which has been significantly modernized by the reform, two other...

In this paper, we provide an overview of the Italian legislation on interlocking directorates and its enforcement in the last decade. Italy is the only EU Member State to have introduced a specific anti-interlocking provision aimed at promoting competition in the banking, insurance, and...

The recent analysis developed by professor William H. Page on the US notion of concerted actions raised the idea to develop an article that exams in-death the EU meaning of concerned practices and that skein of US doctrines that focus on several phenomena running from facilitating practices to...

In 2018, the Italian Competition Authority issued the “Guidelines on antitrust compliance programs”. The Guidelines identify the adoption and implementation of a robust and effective compliance program as a mitigating circumstance in the calculation of fines for anti-competitive violations....