We find that exogenous structural shocks caused by terrorist attacks, wars, political turmoil and gold market specific events have a strong role to play in the analysis of dynamic relationships between gold and stock market returns. Our main finding is that the interaction between the gold...

During the pre-EMU period changes in real effective exchange rate or faster-than-trading-partners growth rates Granger caused changes in trade balance in most of the EMU-12 countries. However, our data driven article provides evidence that after the adoption of euro, these Granger causalities...

Using a battery of simple unit root test procedures with alternative null hypotheses we find some evidence of speculative bubbles in the Finnish stock market for monthly data on industry portfolio returns from the 1990's. The bubbles seem to be present in the information technology (IT) returns...

Based on an extension of the Gordon (1962) growth model we propose a simple approach to forecasting real growth, inflation and real exchange rate. The extension is rooted in introducing the Fisher (1930) and Euler equations, and in the open economy context, also the purchasing power parity (PPP)...

We analyze the effect of declining macro-economic risk to the country-wide cost of equity capital. Our empirical results indicate that the earnings capitalization rates derived from a standard equity valuation model increased especially in the EMU countries during the EMU convergence period....

We analyse how the future real economic activity is discounted to the current value of stocks in the US and European markets, and find that the extraordinary threat on future real GDP growth caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was obviously one of the main factors that affected the deep dive in the...