year of a gubernatorial election, the elasticity of investment to the eventual margin of victory is 0.027. Both the …

distress is 30 percent lower in the year directly preceding an election. Using the electoral cycle as an instrument, we show …

This paper investigates whether the rare occurrence of a local election ending in a tie or being decided by a single …

. Consistent with theories of opportunistic political cycles, this pattern is stronger when election outcomes are uncertain or in …

IMC. IMC agreements are less likely to emerge in election years when municipalities face low cost pressure while the …

The political business cycle theories describe that election-motivated politicians manipulate economic policy …-making. Election cycles occur in many fiscal variables, for example tax rates. I examine whether electoral motives influence communal … municipalities from seven states over the period 1992-2006. The results show that municipalities increase communal fees in election …

is a commonly held belief that politicians use this spending to improve their chances of re-election. One way that an … incumbent can increase their chances of re-election is through increased fundraising. Political entrepreneurs see this …

local councils appoint the head of government. We examine election outcomes around the quorum, where the form of government …