Estimates of average cartel duration and the annual probability of cartel death are based on data for discovered … bounds on the extent of the bias and deliver an improved estimate of the probability of cartel death …

Surveys of cartel proceedings reveal that illegal cartels usually (1) attempt to minimize the risk of detection, (2 … exits. By contrast, existing oligopoly models of collusive behavior consider only some of the four listed stylized facts and …

This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free … cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly … sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach …

A theory of tacit collusion is developed based on coordination through price leadership and less than full mutual …